Changing from Base 10 to Base 2 in Mathematics

Changing from Base 10 to Base 2 in Mathematics Assume we have a number in base 10 and need to discover how to speak to that number in, state, base 2. How would we do this? All things considered, there is a straightforward and simple technique to follow. Let’s state I need to compose 59 in base 2. My initial step is to locate the biggest intensity of 2 that is under 59.So let’s experience the forces of 2: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64. Alright, 64 is bigger than 59 so we make one stride back and get 32. 32 is the biggest intensity of 2 that is as yet littler than 59. What number of â€Å"whole† (not halfway or fragmentary) times can 32 go into 59? It can go in just once in light of the fact that 2 x 32 64 which is bigger than 59. Thus, we record a 1. 1 Presently, we deduct 32 from 59: 59 †(1)(32) 27. Also, we move to the following lower intensity of 2. For this situation, that would be 16. What number of full occasions would 16 be able to go into 27? Once. So we record another 1 and rehash the procedure. 1 1 27 †(1)(16) 11. The following most reduced intensity of 2 is 8.How many full occasions would 8 be able to go into 11?Once. So we record another 1. 111 11 11 †(1)(8) 3. The following most minimal intensity of 2 is 4.How many full occasions would 4 be able to go into 3?Zero.So, we record a 0. 1110 3 †(0)(4) 3. The following least intensity of 2 is 2.How many full occasions would 2 be able to go into 3?Once. Thus, we record a 1. 11101 3 †(1)(2) 1. Lastly, the following most minimal intensity of 2 is 1. What number of full occasions would 1 be able to go into 1?Once. In this way, we record a 1. 111011 1 †(1)(1) 0. What's more, presently we stop since our next most reduced intensity of 2 is a fraction.This implies we have completely composed 59 in base 2. Exercise Presently, take a stab at changing over the accompanying base 10 numbers into the necessary base 16 into base 416 into base 230 in base 449 in base 230 in base 344 in base 3133 in base 5100 in base 833 in base 219 in base 2 Arrangements 1001000013211000110101122101314410000110011

Suicide Essays (2257 words) - Abnormal Psychology, Depression

Self destruction Julien Rouleau Self destruction: A Self-Destruction Self destruction is the demonstration or an occasion of purposefully murdering oneself. As per Emile Durkheim, self destruction is applied to all instances of death coming about legitimately or by implication from a positive or negative demonstration of the casualty himself, which he realizes will deliver this outcome (44). Self destruction is a once in a while ever an off the cuff thing. Th Susceptibility to self destruction is least among the individuals who have solid network ties. Inclusion in chapel, place of worship or sanctuary may enable the disturbed individual to feel that he is a piece of a strict cooperation bound together by ties of compassion, love, and common concern. Place of love regularly substitute for a missing family. ?We this arrive at the resolution that the prevalence of Protestantism with deference over self destruction results from its being a less unequivocally coordinated church than a catholic church? (Durkheim 159). Grollamn noe ?Augustine (354-430) cond emned self destruction as a wrongdoing, there was no official church against it (23). Today individuals keep on ending it all for an assortment of reasons: Love, craziness and incessant discouragement. There is generally a progression of occasions and notice sign before an endeavor is made. Self destruction isn't spoken a lot and is a subject that should have been investigated. Insights on self destruction endeavors changes so quickly, that none can be expressed with precision. Grollman compose that ?Almost everyone at once or another considers self destruction. Implosion is one of numerous decisions open to human beings?(5). On the off chance that one is alert and attentive, quite possibly the self destruction casualty can be spared. Envision the idea of being dead. Would the world be in an ideal situation without that one life? Likely not, however a few people may think so. That life will be extraordinarily given by somebody. It might even reason an individual to need to end it all so as to join the companion that passed on. Envision how it would feel if the weights of regular day to day existence expanded extraordinarily. Maybe a parent, sibling or sister was lost. Imagine a sce nario in which a pre-adult individual was captured. How might his loved ones respond to this little mishap? State there is a test in math or science class, and when the test returned the same individual had bombed it. It would appear to him to be simply one more disappointment in a progression of messed up endeavors to encourage himself. It appears that the most recent month or two has been only hardship. There is no spot to go. Thus, he feels, there is just a single thing that can support, self destruction. ?Man likes to desert life when it is least troublesome (Durkheim 107). The youngster may think: ?If I where to bite the dust now, my folks would feel frustrated about their unpleasantness? (Grollman 6). For a considerable length of time, even weeks, an arrangement is figured. How can he leave the friends and family and his issues behind honorably? At last he thinks about an arrangement, resting pills, with the expectation that a last sleep will take all the bad dreams of reality away for good. Klerman note that ?A demonstration like this is set up inside the quiet of the heart, similar to an extraordinary masterpiece? (55). The pills are taken, sooner or later re st sets in. Finally, the last rest that has been for such a long time anticipated for. An obscured vision shows up and gradually centers. A white room shows up, the vision gets more clear. He centers in around subtleties, for example, an IV remain with a few packs holding tight it. The emergency clinic room was not the normal spot to wakeful. This endeavor was only one more disappointment in his life. Whenever he will think about a progressively deadly approach to look for endless harmony. After the endeavor. He will go to a clinic where every one of his activities will be observed. At long last, an advisor is normally brought in. ideally its will help him in the battle to manage life's issues, this done with the expectation that another endeavor is made. ?12 % of the individuals who endeavor self destruction will make a subsequent attempt to prevail inside two years (Grollman 73). To think about this could have been forestalled on the off chance that he looked for help to start wit h. To additionally get self destruction, we should investigate the various explanations for the

The Relationship Between ADHD and Learning Disabilities

The Relationship Between ADHD and Learning Disabilities ADHD Print The Relationship Between ADHD and Learning Disabilities By Jacqueline Sinfield facebook twitter Jacqueline Sinfield is an ADHD coach, and the author of Untapped Brilliance, How to Reach Your Full Potential As An Adult With ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Jacqueline Sinfield Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 28, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 23, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Weekend Images Inc. / Getty Images Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not a learning disability; however, it does make learning difficult. For example, it is hard to learn when you struggle to focus on what your teacher is saying or when you can’t seem to be able to sit down and pay attention to a book. You can have both.  Learning disabilities (LD) and ADHD often co-exist. In his book, Taking Charge of ADHD: The Complete Authoritative Guide for Parents, Russell Barkley says children with ADHD are more likely to have a learning disability than children who do not have ADHD. The Connection Between Executive Functions, ADHD, and Learning Disabilities Learning involves using the executive functions of the brain particularly the ability to focus, pay attention, engage with a task, and use working memory.  We know that ADHD affects the executive functions of the brain. In fact, Dr. Barkley says an accurate name for ADHD could be Developmental Disorder of Executive Functioning. Many people with ADHD can struggle with learning and schoolwork because of the executive function problems related to their ADHD, yet they do not have enough of an impairment to be diagnosed with an LD. When a person has co-existing conditions of ADHD and LD it means they have the broad impairment of executive functions combined with the impairment of the particular  skills needed for reading, writing, and math. What Are Learning Disabilities? Learning disabilities are neurological and are not a reflection of you or your child’s intelligence or how hard you are trying. A popular way to describe LDs  is that your brain is wired differently and you receive and process information in a different way. Learning disabilities can make reading, writing, spelling, and math difficult. They also can affect your ability to organize and recall information, to listen and speak, and can impact your short term and long term memory and timing. The term learning disabilities is a collective term for a range of specific learning challenges. Learning disabilities are not problems with learning as a result of vision or hearing problems or learning in a second language, etc. People with learning disabilities usually have average or above average intelligence and yet there is a discrepancy between their achievements and their potential. However, with the right support and interventions, they are able to close that gap and demonstrate their skills. Examples of Learning Disabilities Dyslexia: Reading disorderDyscalculia:  Math disorderDysgraphia:  Writing disorderDyspraxia:  Problems with motor skills  Dysphasia/Aphasia:  Problems with language  Auditory processing disorder  Visual processing disorder The Effects of Learning Disabilities and ADHD Learning disabilities are often discovered in school because of problems with academic work. However, their effects go beyond the classroom walls. They can impact family relationships and life at home and at work. In addition, learning disabilities affect a child’s self-esteem. There is a general assumption that if someone is smart, they do well in school. However, this is not necessarily the case for someone who has an LD and ADHD. A learning disability means a pupil experiences problems with learning and demonstrating their knowledge in the traditional way.  In addition, pupils with ADHD have difficulty conforming to the ideal behavior expected in schools, for example being able to sit still for long periods and pay attention without acting impulsively or daydreaming. A pupil realizes they are not able to do the tasks that other children seem to be doing easily. They can feel isolated and different. Getting Diagnosed With ADHD and a Learning Disability When a person has more than one condition, it can be harder to recognize a second condition because they can mask each other. If you already have an ADHD diagnosis, it can be easy to attribute all your challenges to ADHD. In addition, in the same way that ADHD presents itself differently in everyone, so do learning disabilities, which makes recognizing them harderâ€"there  is not a definitive checklist. Like ADHD, there is a strong genetic component to learning disabilities.?? If you or your partner have an LD, your children could have one too. Remember, knowledge is power. Learn as much as possible about learning disabilities and ADHD. If you or your child have already been diagnosed with ADHD and are following a treatment plan but still facing challenges, it could be that there is another condition present. Who Can Make a Diagnosis? Different specialists are qualified to test and diagnose different conditions. There might be variations depending on where you live and an individual clinician’s qualification. Clinical psychologist: They can evaluate for both ADHD and LD.School psychologist: If they are working in a school, they can evaluate for an  LD but not ADHD. However, if they are seen privately outside of school, they might be able to evaluate for ADHD.Child psychiatrist: They can evaluate for ADHD but not an LD.Educational psychologist: They can evaluate for an LD and,  depending on their training, can evaluate for ADHD.Neuropsychologist: They can evaluate for both ADHD and LD. The Importance of Treating Both ADHD and LD It is important to treat both ADHD and LDs. For example, if your child is on medication to help with their ADHD, their learning disability problems will still persist. Or if they are receiving assistance for their LD, they will not get the full benefit if they are struggling with their focus and impulsivity. Neither ADHD nor learning disabilities can be cured. However, that does not mean you or your child cant have a successful and happy life. There are many successful ADHDers with learning disabilities, including Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin empire, and Dr. Hallowell who has written over 20 books and helps millions of people with their ADHD challenges.

A Observation Paper On The Library - 1925 Words

For my Participant Observation Paper, I decided to go and observe the library. It seemed like a nice, quiet place to go for an assignment like this. I also thought that not many other people would choose this place, so it would be unique. The observations I made at the library astounded me; I had never noticed these things before. Here is a quick summary of my observations: the mood of the atmosphere was changed by the color, temperature, lighting, and etc. in the library. Another thing was that people were unexpectedly critical towards one another, but teenagers didn’t seem to care about the distinctive origins of some of the individuals in the library. Finally, the body language of the adults varied significantly to the body language of the adolescents. Everyone was divided by their dissimilarities and I could not believe the vast cavity. I went to observe the library on the 17th of September, which was a Saturday. The time I was there was from 11:20 – 12:00. This was a startlingly eventful time, particularly because it was a Saturday. The location of the library is Washington, Iowa. It is located on the square. This was where I made my observations. The environment in the library was welcoming and very quiet. The lighting was soft and gave the structure a warm yellow tone. There were windows wherever you could fit them, letting in a decent share of natural light. Most of the colors in the library were distinctive shades of green and brown, which worked well together. TheyShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination1391 Words   |  6 Pagesmacro level, which consists of the larger aspects of life such as family and government, and their micro level, (which is the individual itself) combine in order form the person they are. Using my sociological imagination I decided to observe the library through the use of symbolic interactionism, one of four sociological perspectives. The others included are the conflict theory, ethno methodology, feminism and structural functionalist. Symbolic interactionism tends to observe things by payingRead More Symbolic Interactionism Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesmacro level, which consists of the larger aspects of life such as family and government, and their micro level, (which is the individual itself) combine in order form the person they are. Using my sociological imagination I decided to observe the library through the use of symbolic interactionism, one of four sociological perspectives. The others included are the conflict theory, ethno methodology, feminism and structural functionalist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Symbolic interactionism tends to observe things by payingRead MoreCollege Students Do Not Enjoy Writing892 Words   |  4 PagesThe class met in the basement of the library in Library 53 - Studio Classroom A. My focus of the observation was to study how the professor communicated with and taught the students and how the students interacted while taking in account of their imminent writing assignment. I observed the class by running record with the use field notes, while also drawing and video recording. I used a guide on writing a field report by USC Libraries. The classroom observation of the Business Communication courseRead MoreStudy Habits By Gender At The Library742 Words   |  3 PagesKendall Nelson ATH 175 Dr. Peterson November 20, 2015 Ethnographic Paper: Differences in Study Habits by Gender at King Library A library, by definition, is â€Å"a place set apart to contain books, periodicals, and other material for reading, viewing, listening, study, or reference, as a room, set of rooms, or building where books may be read or borrowed† (Merriam-Webster). However, for students at Miami University, the word â€Å"library† may have different connotations. After asking several fellow studentsRead MoreDo Students Visit The Holman Library Information Desk?1686 Words   |  7 PagesDo Students Visit the Holman Library Information Desk? Introduction Making appropriate staffing decisions is one of the most important tasks for a manager or of any company. The decision a company makes about staffing their business can have dramatic effects on the quality of their work, their retention rates and level of customer service. Because of this, we would like to investigate whether a sufficient number of staff already exists at the Holman Library of Green River College. It is importantRead MoreMaking Appropriate Staffing Decision At The Holman Library Of Green River College1677 Words   |  7 PagesBecause of this, we would like to investigate whether a sufficient number of staff already exists at the Holman Library of Green River College. It is important to note that we cannot just look at one factor in order to conclude whether a company has sufficient staffing. In fact, the knowledge and skill of the staff, the type of problem that the staff has to solve, and the peak hours of the library, are some other factors that one may want to l ook at in order to see whether staffing has been efficient.Read MorePond Water Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesSkinny Dipping and You Why this is no longer a perfect date 12/8/2007 Aaron Gonzalez â€Æ' Materials and Methods ïÆ' ¼ Nikon Compound Microscope ïÆ' ¼ Glass Microscope slides ïÆ' ¼ Cover Slips ïÆ' ¼ Paper Towels ïÆ' ¼ Thermometer ïÆ' ¼ Glass Jar ïÆ' ¼ pH Strips I took the sample pond water from the library pond (Central Michigan University), thinking well during mock rock this year I want to know really what I am swimming in. So I took a jar then scooped it up from the muskiest part of the pond. After collectingRead MoreWeek 4 Scholarly vs. Popular Media Focus on Sexuality Paper806 Words   |  4 Pagessource.For more information to help you understand the difference between those sources, please use this link to the APU library http://apus.libanswers.com/a.php?qid=5312. You will summarize a scholarly article (peer-reviewed, evidence-based, original research) and one popular media article on your topic. Once you see how the topic is covered in each source, you will write a paper: 1. comparing and contrasting the coverage; 2. discussing the relative merits of each; and 3. addressingRead MoreGathering Information and Writing a Research Paper1644 Words   |  7 Pages Gathering Information and Writing a Research Paper xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Gathering Information and Writing a Research Paper Writing a research paper for the first time can be a difficult task if not given the proper instruction to complete such an assignment. Breaking a research paper down into separate tasks and sections might ease frustrations for the researcher and give them some fundamental tools for future researchRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Dark Matter1003 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Basak, Tanushree, and Tanmoy Mondal. Constraining Minimal U(1) B − L Model from Dark Matter Observations. (2013): n. pag. Cornell University Library. Web. 10 Nov. 2015. Tanushree Basak’s journal is peer reviewed, and she works in a physics research laboratory so her article is credible. This source is used in the paper to help introduce the concept of dark matter. It helps describe what percentage of the universe is made up of dark matter. Additionally, it provided information

Hills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway - 1487 Words

Megan Skolmen 13 February Hills like White Elephants Ernest Hemingway First Published August 1927 I read a short story called Hills like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemmingway. This story presents to the readers a conversation between a young man and women who are located at a station, drinking beer, arguing whilst waiting for a train to take them to Madrin - the town in which we learn the girl is said to be having an operation. Overall, this text was one which I quite enjoyed. Although upon reading it the first time, the plot and motifs were somewhat lost on me, further speculation determined me taking a great liking to the story. Because Hemmingway never really mentions what exactly he is addressing, it a conception that can be overlooked. After a few reads I came to knowing that the young girl in the story is headed to Madrin to have an abortion she is not entirely convinced she wants. Through the narrative of the story I felt a lot of conflicting emotions, I felt an immense pity for the girl and great anger for the young man. It was deciphered that the man, although only through suggestion, really wants the girl to have the abortion, this being through the way he continually reiterates that it is perfectly simple. We also see the girl, who seems very conflicted with this decision. It is evident that the young couple are discussing an abortion, this being absolutely illegal, immoral and dangerous at the time, therefore discussing it out loud would be outstandinglyShow MoreRelatedHills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway580 Words   |  2 PagesE.B. White once said, â€Å"Theres no limit to how complicated things can get, on account of one thing always leading to another.† This quotation means that nobody ever knows how complicated things are going to get, and on top of that they can get worse. One can agree with this statement because in life you can go through unexpected situations that really affect your life in a negative way, and in life things might get worse. Both Soldiers home by Ernest Hemingway and Hills like white elephants by ErnestRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway886 Words   |  4 Pagesreader could put themselves into. Whether they choose to partake in a wayward journey full of adventure or the daily life of a human being with morals; a story’s aspect influences those thoughts with a deeper understanding. In Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† it follows an American man and girl at a resting point during their travels. They arrived by train, stopping between Barcelona and Madrid. While there, they patiently waited for the next train at a bar inside of the station.Read MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway893 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway was a prolific writer. 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The text includes a wide variety of literary terms and has various criticalRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway990 Words   |  4 Pages Another relationship coming to an end†¦ Throughout the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† written in 1927 by Ernest Hemingway, he used the train station setting, the desired operation, and obviously the relationship between the American and the girl to symbolize a crumbling relationship and unwanted gift between them. The American and the girl find themselves wound up in a rough, unplanned situation that they are trying to fix. Many bread crumbs are dropped throughout the story to symbolize a collapsingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1446 Words   |  6 PagesErnest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† explores the topics of abortion, sex before marriage, and feelings of separation. There are many different points of view one can take on Hemingway’s work. The main literary analysis that will be explained is the significance of the title and how it is layered into the story in various places. In addition to this, the narrator’s point of view will also be discussed since it plays a role in bringing the characters together. Lastly, it willRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway1750 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway’s stories are known for their ever interpreting meanings behind them, and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† does not trail from the rest due to the never mentioned word ‘abortion’. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† written by Ernest Hemingway, takes place around World War 1 in Spain, at a train station (Hills Like White Elephants. 4). An American man and a girl have been discussing the girl’s unspecific operation. It is apparent that the girl is perturbed about this operation, while theRead MoreHills Like White Elephants By Ernest Hemingway1037 Words   |  5 PagesOlivia Sellers English 102 Scheck February 10, 2016 â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† by Ernest Hemingway Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† can be puzzling and hard to decipher. Due to this, a number of conclusions can be drawn away from the text. The dialog between characters leaves a number of questions unanswered and leaves the reader confused about the conversation as a whole. Many things are left unsaid and not explained in the story, with that being the case, the reader must takeRead More`` Hills Like White Elephant `` By Ernest Hemingway865 Words   |  4 Pagesbefore it begins, or as easily getting rid of problem before it even became one. In the short story â€Å"Hills like White Elephant†, the compensation of abortion can easily be seen between Jig and her American lover’s decision whether to keep the innocent’s life or not. Ernest Hemingway uses the fiction element plot, symbolism, and setting to illustrate the theme of abortion in â€Å"Hills like White Elephants.† Abortion has been viewed as a crucial struggle between couples. Many view this situation as endingRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1432 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstood behaviors. Ernest Hemingway weaves both of these stereotypes into his short story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† The story’s plot revolves around a couple arguing about whether or not to have an abortion. In Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† a theme of male domination can be found, but by examining the dialogue closely, a theme of females asserting their will and manipulating emerges as well. Male domination is the primary and most obvious theme in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants.† During the

The authors explore the question of bankruptcy in public companies Free Essays

The authors explore the question of bankruptcy in public companies, trying to come up with ways of predicting the looming bankruptcy. Pointing to the growing scale of this harmful phenomenon with a greater number of larger companies going bankrupt, Chuvakhin Gertmenian are trying to present businessmen with a framework for analysing the performance of business companies so as to receive indication of their problems before they are forced into bankruptcy. To arrive at this understanding, they utilise Z-score model constructed by Edward Altman in 1968. We will write a custom essay sample on The authors explore the question of bankruptcy in public companies or any similar topic only for you Order Now The attempts to arrive at a ratio that could serve as a bona fide predictor of the upcoming bankruptcies have been undertaken for years, including a study by William Beaver. The critical breakthrough came when Edward Altman â€Å"built a comprehensive, statistical model using a technique called multiple discriminant analysis (MDA)† (Chuvakhin Gertmenian, n.d.). The model relies on the combination of five different ratios that can later be summarised into a so-called Z-score. Altman indicated that a company with a Z-score above 2.675 could be considered solvent, that with a score under 1.81 was liable to go bankrupt, and companies with Z-scores in the range of 1.81-2.675 fell into â€Å"gray area† or â€Å"ignorance zone†, which meant that they could escape bankruptcy, but with difficulty. The legal issue explored in the articles refers to companies that forge numbers in their books, deceiving investors, as in the case of Enron and WorldCom. The authors ask: Is it possible to predict bankruptcy if the company’s management is cooking the books? Their answer is yes since the Z-score model would avoid these accounting irregularities. For example, in the case of WorldCom that overstated both assets and earnings, the combination of ratios used by the model would overlook it, since a rise in earning would increase the first three ratios, but a rise in assets would decrease the last two, with the impact offsetting each other. The model outlined in the article is of great value to managers of different companies. From the managerial perspective, it is extremely important which of the firm’s customers are likely to go bankrupt. If the bankruptcy of a large client comes a like a bolt of lightning, totally sudden and unanticipated, the firm can end with a large amount of bad debt in its accounts receivable account. In 2001 alone, bankruptcy affected 257 public companies with combined assets of $256 billion (Chuvakhin Gertmenian, n.d.). In the light of this fact, effective methods for bankruptcy prediction become a serious concern for managers. How to cite The authors explore the question of bankruptcy in public companies, Papers

The authors explore the question of bankruptcy in public companies Free Essays

The authors explore the question of bankruptcy in public companies, trying to come up with ways of predicting the looming bankruptcy. Pointing to the growing scale of this harmful phenomenon with a greater number of larger companies going bankrupt, Chuvakhin Gertmenian are trying to present businessmen with a framework for analysing the performance of business companies so as to receive indication of their problems before they are forced into bankruptcy. To arrive at this understanding, they utilise Z-score model constructed by Edward Altman in 1968. We will write a custom essay sample on The authors explore the question of bankruptcy in public companies or any similar topic only for you Order Now The attempts to arrive at a ratio that could serve as a bona fide predictor of the upcoming bankruptcies have been undertaken for years, including a study by William Beaver. The critical breakthrough came when Edward Altman â€Å"built a comprehensive, statistical model using a technique called multiple discriminant analysis (MDA)† (Chuvakhin Gertmenian, n.d.). The model relies on the combination of five different ratios that can later be summarised into a so-called Z-score. Altman indicated that a company with a Z-score above 2.675 could be considered solvent, that with a score under 1.81 was liable to go bankrupt, and companies with Z-scores in the range of 1.81-2.675 fell into â€Å"gray area† or â€Å"ignorance zone†, which meant that they could escape bankruptcy, but with difficulty. The legal issue explored in the articles refers to companies that forge numbers in their books, deceiving investors, as in the case of Enron and WorldCom. The authors ask: Is it possible to predict bankruptcy if the company’s management is cooking the books? Their answer is yes since the Z-score model would avoid these accounting irregularities. For example, in the case of WorldCom that overstated both assets and earnings, the combination of ratios used by the model would overlook it, since a rise in earning would increase the first three ratios, but a rise in assets would decrease the last two, with the impact offsetting each other. The model outlined in the article is of great value to managers of different companies. From the managerial perspective, it is extremely important which of the firm’s customers are likely to go bankrupt. If the bankruptcy of a large client comes a like a bolt of lightning, totally sudden and unanticipated, the firm can end with a large amount of bad debt in its accounts receivable account. In 2001 alone, bankruptcy affected 257 public companies with combined assets of $256 billion (Chuvakhin Gertmenian, n.d.). In the light of this fact, effective methods for bankruptcy prediction become a serious concern for managers. How to cite The authors explore the question of bankruptcy in public companies, Papers